Basic Surgical Instruments

1. Scalpel – For making incisions.
2. Scissors – Includes various types like dissecting, Mayo, and Metzenbaum scissors.
3. Needle Holder – Holds needles during suturing.
4. Hemostats – Used to control bleeding by clamping blood vessels (e.g., Mosquito, Crile, and Kelly hemostats).
5. Forceps – Includes various types like tissue forceps and dressing forceps for grasping tissues and objects.
6. Needles – For suturing or injections.

Surgical Retractors

1. Deaver Retractor – Provides wide exposure of deep wounds.
2. Balfour Retractor – Used for abdominal surgeries to hold the incision open.
3. Richardson Retractor – Used for holding back the edges of an incision.
4. Senn Retractor – Provides retraction of tissue with both a sharp and blunt end.
5. Cloverleaf Retractor – Used in some abdominal surgeries for better exposure.

Surgical Suction and Irrigation

1. Suction Tip – For removing fluids and debris from the surgical field (e.g., Yankauer suction tip).
2. Irrigation Syringe – For flushing the surgical area with sterile fluids.

Electrosurgical Instruments

1. Electrocautery – For cutting or coagulating tissue with electrical current.
2. Bovie Pencil – A handheld electrocautery device used for precise cutting and coagulation.

Endoscopic Instruments

1. Endoscope – For internal visualization of body cavities (e.g., laparoscope, bronchoscope).
2. Trocar – Creates access points for endoscopic instruments.

Surgical Clamps

1. Allis Clamp – Grasping tissue with a locking mechanism.
2. Kocher Clamp – Heavy-duty clamp for holding tissue or securing structures.

Miscellaneous Surgical Instruments

1. Surgical Drapes – Sterile coverings for the patient and the operating area.
2. Surgical Sponge – Absorbs blood and other fluids.
3. Sutures and Staplers – For closing wounds and incisions.
4. Surgical Table and Accessories – For positioning the patient and supporting surgical instruments.

Specialized Surgical Instruments

1. Bone Saw – For cutting bone (e.g., oscillating saw).
2. Orthopedic Instruments – Such as bone clamps and reduction forceps used in orthopedic surgeries.
3. Neurosurgical Instruments – Specialized tools like craniotomy drills for brain surgeries.

Anesthesia Instruments

1. Laryngoscope – For visualizing the larynx and aiding in intubation.
2. Endotracheal tubes are used to maintain an open airway during surgery.

Basic Examination Instruments

1. Stethoscope – For auscultation of heart, lung, and bowel sounds.
2. Sphygmomanometer – Measures blood pressure.
3. Thermometer – Measures body temperature.
4. Otoscope – Examines the ear canal and eardrum.
5. Ophthalmoscope – Examines the interior of the eye.
6. Tongue Depressor – Used to depress the tongue for oral examination.
7. Reflex Hammer – Tests deep tendon reflexes.
8. Penlight – Provides focused light for examination of the eyes and other areas.

Diagnostic Instruments

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine – Records the electrical activity of the heart.
2. Ultrasound Machine – Uses sound waves to create images of internal organs.
3. X-ray Machine – Produces images of the internal structures of the body.
4. CT Scanner – Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
5. MRI Scanner – Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues.

Surgical Instruments

1. Scalpel – A small, sharp knife used for incisions.
2. Scissors – Various types, including dissecting and bandage scissors.
3. Hemostats – Clamps to control bleeding by constricting blood vessels.
4. Needle Holder – Holds needles during suturing.
5. Forceps – Grasping and holding tissues or objects.
6. Sutures and Staplers – For closing wounds or surgical incisions.
7. Surgical Drapes and Gowns – Sterile coverings used during surgery.

Basic Patient Care Instruments

1. Syringes and Needles – For administering injections or drawing blood.
2. IV Catheters – Inserted into veins for intravenous fluid or medication administration.
3. Urinary Catheters – Used for draining urine from the bladder.
4. Gauze Pads and Bandages – For wound care and dressing.

Laboratory Instruments

1. Microscope – Magnifies samples for examination.
2. Centrifuge – Separates components of a liquid sample by spinning.
3. Autoclave – Sterilizes instruments and equipment using high-pressure steam.
4. Refractometer – Measures the refractive index of liquids.

Emergency and Resuscitation Instruments

1. Defibrillator – Delivers electrical shocks to restore normal heart rhythm.
2. Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) – Assists in providing ventilation to patients who are not breathing adequately.
3. Suction Machine – Removes fluids from the airway.

Monitoring Equipment

1. Pulse Oximeter – Measures oxygen saturation levels in the blood.
2. Infusion Pump – Delivers precise amounts of medication or fluids.
3. Blood Glucose Monitor – Measures blood sugar levels.

These instruments are integral to various hospital functions, from routine examinations to complex surgical procedures and emergency care.

Obstetrics Instruments

1. Fetal Doppler – Used to monitor the fetal heartbeat.
2. Ultrasound Transducer – For imaging the fetus and placenta.
3. Obstetrical Forceps – Assisted delivery tool for the baby’s head.
4. Vacuum Extractor – Another tool for assisting in delivery.
5. Amniotic Hook – Used to rupture the amniotic sac.
6. Episiotomy Scissors – To make a surgical incision to widen the vaginal opening during delivery.
7. Uterine Curette – For scraping the uterine lining.
8. Intrauterine Pressure Catheter (IUPC) – Measures intrauterine pressure during labor.
9. Cesarean Section Scissors – Used specifically for cesarean deliveries.
10. Cord Clamp – To clamp the umbilical cord after birth.
11. Placental Forceps – Used for the delivery of the placenta.

Gynecology Instruments

1. Speculum – For visualizing the vaginal walls and cervix.
2. Colposcope – For examining the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
3. Cervical Brush – Used for collecting cells from the cervix for Pap smears.
4. Endometrial Biopsy Forceps – To obtain samples from the uterine lining.
5. Hysteroscope – For visual examination of the uterine cavity.
6. Laparoscope – For minimally invasive examination of the pelvic cavity.
7. Bipolar Forceps – Used in laparoscopic surgeries for coagulating tissue.
8. Suction Cannula – For removing tissue or fluids.
9. D&C Curette – This is for dilation and curettage procedures.
10. Vaginal Speculum – A more specific type for vaginal exams.
11. Trocars – Instruments used to create access points during laparoscopic surgery.

Each instrument has a specific role in diagnosis, treatment, or surgery in obstetrics and gynecology.