Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Symptoms, causes, treatment Notes.pdf

Chronic Renal Failure

Introduction
 Chronic renal failure is also known as chronic kidney disease.
 Chronic kidney disease occurs when the GFR decreases to less than 60
ml/minute for 3 months or longer.
 Chronic kidney disease affects all body systems.

Definition
 Chronic renal failure is a slow, chronic, progressive, and irreversible
loss of kidney functions and a gradual decline in the GFR and
creatinine clearance.
 Gradually decreasing GFR rate leads to the End stage of renal
disease (ESRD).

Stages of CKD
 If GFR > 90 ml/minute = normal.
 If GFR 60-89 ml/ minute = it is mild chronic renal failure.
 If GFR 30-59 ml/minute = moderate chronic renal failure.
 If GFR 15-29 ml/minute = severe chronic renal failure.
 If GFR is Less than 15 ml/minute, it is = End stage of kidney disease.

Cause
 Diabetes mellitus
 Hypertension
 Acute kidney Disease
 Glomerular dysfunction
 Pyelonephritis