Pleural Effusion Notes.pdf

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Pleural Effusion

Definition
 Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the
pleural cavity that characterizes altered lung anatomy,
activity and its functions.
 Pleural space normally contains 10 - 20 ml of serous fluid.

Types
1. Transudative effusions
2. Exudative effusions

1. Transudative effusions - Also known as hydrothorax.
 Congestive cardiac failure is the most common cause of
transudative effusions.
 Transudate is a clear fluid similar to blood serum.
 Transudative effusion is an accumulation of low protein
and low cell fluid.

2. Exudative effusions
 Exudative fluid includes extra fluid, proteins, blood,
inflammatory cells and sometimes bacteria.