Important one-liner notes for NORCT AIIMS

1. Heart size is Normal in: TOF and TAPVC (intracardiac form )

2. Visual reflex formation or Macula mature by 5-6 months of life
3. Gardasil — 16 , 18 , 6 , 11
   Cervarix — 16, 18
4. Renal tubular acidosis — Normal Anion gap Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis
   Point to remember — its NORMAL in Serum but POSITIVE anion gap in Urine
5. Ectopic ACTH Syndrome — Hypokalemic Alkalosis
6. Anatomical Closure of Ductus arteriosus — 1-3 months after birth. 1-3 months after birth. (ref: Langman’s embryology & Guyton)
7. Corneal donor — till 6 hours after death
8. Nerve fibers — A and B are Myelinated; A to C – Diameter and Velocity decrease
9. For Congenital hypothyroidism — TSH, best done >48 hrs – 6 days life
10. Child of HIV-positive Mother — Can’t use IgG for 1st 18 months to diagnose as that comes from
    mother. So p24 assay, PCR, and Viral Culture are used.
11. Neomycin is present in Polio Vaccine
12. TORCH infectivity — All at time of birth BUT Rubella has 2 peaks i.e 10 -11 wks and delivery.
13. Unchanged during childbirth — Diameter between Sacral Promontary and Pubic Symphisis.
14. RAIU — I 123 ;
    RIA —- I 125
15. CO poisoning — PO2 Normal but O2 saturation is less.
16. Fetal distress — S/D ratio– increases in Umbilical Artery, decreases in MCA.
17. All Myopathies are Proximal except Myotonic Dystrophy (type 1)
18. All Neuropathies are Distal except GBS and SMA.
19. Glycine is the smallest and simplest Amino Acid.
20. Adder Head on IVP — Ureterocele
21. Flower vase / shaking hand sign — Horseshoe kidney
22. Ligament of Struthers.– a remnant of 3rd head of coracobrachialis, runs from supracondylar spur on the anteromedial humerus to medial epicondyle, median n, and brachial a may run beneath it.
23. Shortest Colon – Ascending
    Longest Colon – Transverse
24. Trigeminal Neuralgia rarely involves Ophthalmic division
    If in a young / if it is Bilateral — then Multiple Sclerosis is a key consideration
25. After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transporters are reduced in Muscle.
26. Pacini Corpuscles — detects gross pressure changes and vibration
27. Epiphyseal dysgenesis — in Hypothyroidism
28. In Hypothyroidism — Increased CSF protein
29. The most characteristic cutaneous manifestation of FMF (Familial Medit. fever) is erysipelas-like erythema.
30. Two halves of Mandible join together by 2yrs of Life
31. Syphilitic Aortitis — Proximal Ascending Aorta
32. Superficial spreading melanoma — Buckshot appearance (Pagetoid cells)
33. Seborrheic Keratoses — Stuck on lesion
34. Fingerprints can be taken in cases of advanced decomposition and drowning
    But NOT in case of corrosion
35. Generally, all bones ossify earlier in females
    Skull sutures obliterate earlier in Males.
36. The anterior neuropore closes by the 25th day, and the posterior one closes by the 27th day of IUL.
37. Gittre cells are modified CNS macrophages.
38. Hirano Bodies in Hippocampus — Alzheimer’s
39. Acrocentric Chromosomes — 13, 14, 15, 21, 22,
40. LAP increased in — Leukamoid reaction, Polycythemia Vera
    decreased in — CML, PNH
41. Schistiocyte — MicroAngiopathic Hemolytic anemia
42. Tear Drop cell — Myelofibrosis
43. Target cell — Thallesemia, HbC disease, Liver disease.
44. Good ALL — Female, 2-10 years, hyperdiploid, B-ALL (NOT pre B-ALL)
45. Pregnancy tumor of gums = Granuloma pyogenic
46. RCC = Hypernephroma = Grawitz Tumor
47. Holly leaf mesangial deposits — FSGN
48. Spike & Dome, String of Popcorn — Membranous GN
49. Wire loop — Class IV Lupus Nephritis
50. Post Mortem staining is well developed in 4 hrs and becomes fixed in 6-12 hrs

MUST KNOW FOR NORCET POSITIONING FOR CLIENTS (with different conditions)

1. Mastectomy- Semifowler’s position
2. perineal and vaginal procedure- lithotomy position
3. Thyroidectomy- fowlers position
4. Hemorrhoidectomy- lateral
5. 5.liver biopsy- supine with right arm is raised and extended behind the head and over the left shoulder

6. After liver biopsy – right lateral
7. Paracentesis – semifowlers or sitting upright
8. Nasogastric tube insertion- High Fowler’s
9. NG tube irrigation and feeding – semi-Fowler’s
10. RECTAL ENEMA AND IRRIGATION- SIMS POSITION

11. COPD- SITTING POSITION LEANING FORWARD

12. LARYNGECTOMY- SEMI FOWLERS POSITION

13. BRONCHOSCOPY- SEMI-FOWERS POSITION
14. POSTURAL DRAINAGE – TRENDELENBURG
15. THORACENTESIS- FOWLERS POSITION
16. ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM RESECTION- FOWLERS
17. FIRST, 24 HOURS AFTER AMPUTATION OF LOWER extremities ELEVATE THE FOOT OF THE BED AND STUMP IS SUPPORTED WITH PILLOWS(PGI NOV. 2014)
18. HEART FAILURE AND PULMONARY OEDEMA – UPRIGHT

20. VARICOSE VEIN AND VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY – LEG ELEVATION ABOVE HEART LEVEL
21. AFTER CATARACT- SEMIFOWLERS TO FOWLER’S
22. AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA- HIGH FOWLER’S
23. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE- ELEVATE THE HEAD OF THE BED TO 30 DEGREE
24. ISCHEMIC STROKE- FLAT HEAD OF THE BED
25. INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE- SEMIFOWLERS TO FOWLER’S POSITION
26. DURING THE LUMBAR PUNCTURE- LATERAL POSITION WITH THE BACK BOWED
27. AFTER LUMBAR PUNCTURE- SUPINE POSITION
28. SPINAL CORD INJURY – IMMOBILIZATION ON SPINAL BACKBONESDifferent abdominal surgical position.
29. Supine position – The most common surgical position. The patient lies with back flat on operating room bed.
30. Trendelenburg position – Same as supine position but the upper torso is lowered.
31. Reverse Trendelenburg position – Same as supine but upper torso is raised and legs are lowered.
32. Fracture Table Position – For hip fracture surgery. Upper torso is in supine position with unaffected leg raised. Affected leg is extended with no lower support. The leg is strapped at the ankle and there is padding in the groin to keep pressure on the leg and hip.
33. Lithotomy position – Used for gynecological, anal, and urological procedures. Upper torso is placed in the supine position,legs are raised and secured, arms are extended.
34. Fowler’s position – Begins with patient in supine position. Upper torso is slowly raised to a 90 degree position.
35. Semi-Fowlers position – Lower torso is in supine position and the upper torso is bent at a nearly 85 degree position. The patient’s head is secured by a restraint.
36. Prone position – Patient lies with stomach on the bed. Abdomen can be raised off the bed.
37. Jackknife position – Also called the Kraske position. Patient’s abdomen lies flat on the bed. The bed is scissored so the hip is lifted and the legs and head are low.
38. Knee-chest position – Similar to the jackknife except the legs are bent at the knee at a 90 degree angle.
39. Lateral position – Also called the side-lying position, it is like the jackknife except the patient is on his or her side. Other similar positions are Lateral chest and Lateral kidney.
40. Lloyd-Davies position – It is a medical term referring to a common position for surgical procedures involving the pelvis and lower abdomen. The majority of colorectal and pelvic surgery is conducted with the patient in the Lloyd-Davis position.
41. Kidney position – The kidney position is much like the lateral position except the patient’s abdomen is placed over a lift in the operating table that bends the body to allow access to the retroperitoneal space. A kidney rest is placed under the patient at the location of the lift.
42. Sims’ position – The Sims’ position is a variation of the left lateral position. The patient is usually awake and helps with the positioning. The patient will roll to his or her left side. Keeping the left leg straight, the patient will slide the left hip back and bend the right leg. This position allows access to the anus.

COVID-19 vaccines and their mechanisms

1) Bharath biotech/NIV (Covaxin) – vaccine

2) Astra Zeneca/ Serum Institute of India (Covishield) – Non-replicating viral vector

3) Pfizer/BioNtech – mRNA-based vaccine

4) Moderna – mRNA-based vaccine

5) Gamaleya (Sputnik V) /Dr. Reddys – Non-replicating viral vector

6) Johnson and Johnson – Non-replicating viral vector

7) Zydus Cadilla (ZyCov-D) – Plasmid DNA vaccine

8) Novavax – Protein subunit

The most important one-liner question and answer for NORCET

1. The ideal temperature and pressure used for autoclaving —121 Celsius at 15 PSI
2. A system model that focuses on the responses of the client system to actual or potential environmental — Betty Neumann
3. nurse-patient relationship concepts like orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution — Hildegard Paplau
4. Arterial blood gas result with pH 7.3 and PCO2 is 46mm Hg denotes — Respiratory acidosis
5. The hormone ADH works in which area of the kidney — Distal Convoluted and Collecting duct
6. Post-ovulation is also known as — The luteal phase
7. The white area of the nail is called the lunula
8. The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system are part of —ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
9. Child sits with the support at the age of — 4 to 6 months
10. A couple and their dependent children living together under the same roof is called a nuclear Family
11. Systematic study of human society — Sociology
12. Mouth care to unconscious patient should be given when a patient is in — side-lying position
13. An agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms is — Disinfectant
14. Angle of insertion of the needle for subcutaneous injection should be — 45 degree
15. A substance used to counteract the effect of poison is — Antidote
16. The trained nurses’ association was established in — 1908
17. Ideal teaching method for exploring the issues involved in social situation or challenges in human relation — Role Play
18. The immunoglobilin responsible for primary immunity — IgM
19. The largest organella of the cell is — Nucleus
20. The main product of protein metabolism is — Urea
21. The concentration of oxygen in expired air is about — 16%
22. the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid — Na+
23. Total number of intercostal muscles are — 11 Pairs
24. Total number of muscles in human bady are — 639
25. Total number of vertebarae in human are — 33
26. Eating behavior is controlled by — Hypothalamus
27. The number of thoracic vertebae in human being is — 12
28. Transformation of one type of cell into another type is called — Metaplasia
29. Surgically creating an opening into an organ or space in the body by a sharp instrument is known as — Incision
30. Plaster of paris is made up of — Calcium Sulphate
31. The most frequently occuring type of brain tumor is — Glioma
32. Main clinical symtom of hiatal hernia is — Heartburn
33. Most common complication of chronic asthma is — Emphysema
34. Examination of a Pt. with the help of stethoscope is termed as — Auscultation
35. Oral thrush is a — Fungal Disease
36. In a patient with a fracture of a long bone, which is the most serious complication — Fat Embolism
37. Absence of identifiable QRS complex in ECG gives an indication of — Ventricular Fibrillation
38. Sharp stabbing pain occur when breathing is the clinical feature of — Pleurisy
39. most common site of liver abscess — Right lobe of liver
40. Dengue fever is also known as — Break Bone Fever
41. In AIDS patient, pneumonia occur due to — Pneumocystis
42. Most common causes of meningitis in age-group 2 years to 20 years — Neisseria meningococci
43. Commonest cause of blindness in India is — Cataract
44. complication associated with tracheotomy tube — Damage to the laryngeal neve
45. the normal respiration rate in a newborn is — 30-60 breath/minute
46. the cause of esophageal varices — Portal Hypertension
47. Repeated vomiting can produce the following biochemical abnormality — Metabolic Alkalosis
48. During blood transfusion, if hemolytic reaction occur, the first nursing action will be — To stop the transfusion
49. A serious and dangerous side effect of penicillin is — Anaphylaxis
50. The nurse should administer a nasogastric tube feeding slowly to reduce the hazard of — Regurgitation
51. The most serious complication associated with chronic inflammatory bowel diease is — Perforation
52. The major post transfusion viral hepatitis is — Hepatitis C
53. The serious complication of portal hypertension — Chronic bleeding ,abdominal swelling and liver failure
54. The nurse administers neomycin to a patient with hepatic cirrhosis to prevent the formation of — Ammonia
55. Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder of — Skin
56. The classic sign of hepatic coma is — Flapping hand tremors
57. An injury the nurse should assess for fat embolism with in — 1st 24 hours
58. A nursing intervention in thrombophlebitis would be contraindicated — Massage the leg
59. Platelet count decrease in — Dengue
60. Addison’s disease is caused by infsufficiency of hormone — Corticosteroid Hormone
61. Eye padding is applied on unconscious patient to prevent — Corneal Ulcer
62. Lumbar Puncture (LP) is done at the site of — L3 – L4
63. During hemodialysis, which of the following drug is used to prevent blood clotting — Heparin
64. Rise water stool” is a typical finding in cases of — Cholera
65. Mask like facies’ is a typical feature of — Parkinson Disease
66. “Tetany” can be produced by which or the following electrolyte disturbance — Hypocalcemia
67. Paralysis of one side of the body is known as — Hemiplegia
68. The earliest sign of the post operative shock is monitored by nurse by observing the — Pulse Rate
69. Assessment of a unconscious patient is done by — Glasgow Coma Sclae
70. Commonest cause of liver cirrhosis is — Alcohol
71. Concenteation of xylocaine which is used for spinal anaesthesia is — 5%
72. In head injury, mannitol is given to— decrease — ICP
73. Main complication of appendicitis is — Perforation
74. The instrument used for measuring blood pressure is know as — Sphygmomanometer
75. Paralysis of both lower limps is called— Paraplegia
76. The benign tumor of blood vessel is called — Hemangioma
77. A mysthenia gravis patient’s early symptom is — Ptosis
78. Rapid infusion of insulin cause — Hypokalemia
79. The most common cause of coronary artery disease — Artheriosclerosis
80. Inability to speak or understand the spoken words in called is — Agnosia
81. complication of splenectomy —Pancreatitis
82. Fever, headache and nuchal rigidity are classic symproms seen in —
    Meningitis
83. Fractures of the distal radius is called — Colles, Fracture
84. Removal of appendix is called —Appendicectomy.
85. Inflammation of tonsils is called —Tonsilitis.
86. Dumping syndrome is a complication of — Subtotal Gastrectomy
87. The normal value of PaCO2 is — 35-45 mmHg.
88. Site of transmission of message from one neurone to another is called —Synapse.
89. Acute pancreatitis is manifested by elevated — Serum Amylase
90. Intraocular pressure is measured with a instrument called — Tonometer
91. The shock which is resulting from a severe allergic reaction is — Anaphylactic Shock
92. Part of the stomach is removed and the remaining portion is anastomosed to the duodenum —Gastroduodenostomy
93. Amount of amniotic fluid of more than 2000 ml is termed as — ‘Polyhydramnios’
94. The powerhouse of the cell —Mitahondeia.
95. The inflammatory process of CNS producing altered function of various portions of the brain is —Encephalitis.
96. A typical sign of hydrocephalus —Sunsetting.
97. Paralysis which causes the arm to lie on the side with the extension of the elbow, and flexion of the wrist (waiter’s tip) is —Erb’s Palsy.
98. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 3.6 g, Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 2.5 g, potassium chloride (KCl) 1.5 g, glucose 20 g, water 100 ml — Components of ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution).
99. Trisomy 21 is known as — Down’s syndrome.
100. The most complicated type of spinal bifida is — Meningomyelocele

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